SECURITY ~ What is a firewall?
A firewall is a security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and allows or blocks data packets based on a set of security rules. Its purpose is to create a barrier between your internal network and traffic from external sources (such as the Internet) to block malicious traffic such as viruses and hackers.
How does a firewall work?
Firewalls carefully analyze incoming traffic based on pre-determined rules and filter traffic from unsecured or suspicious sources to prevent attacks. Firewalls protect traffic at a computer's point of entry, called ports, which allow the exchange of information with external devices. For example, "The source address 192.168.10.1 is allowed to reach the destination 72.124.10.35 on port 23."
Types of firewalls:
Firewalls can be software or hardware, although it is best to have both. A software firewall is a program installed on each computer that controls traffic through port numbers and applications, while a physical firewall is a piece of equipment installed between your network and your gateway.
Firewalls typically use two or more of the following methods:
~Packet filtering: firewalls filter packets attempting to enter or exit a network and accept or reject them based on the predefined set of filtering rules.
~Application-level gateway: The application-level gateway technique uses security methods applied to certain applications such as Telnet and FTP servers.
~Circuit-level gateway: A circuit-level gateway applies these methods when a connection, such as transmission control protocol, is established and packets begin to travel.
~ Proxy Servers: Proxy servers can mask real network addresses and intercept every message entering or leaving a network.
~Stateful Inspection or Dynamic Packet Filtering: This method compares not only the header information, but also the most important incoming and outgoing data parts of a packet. These are then compared to a database of trusted information for feature matches. This determines whether the information is allowed to pass through the firewall on the network or not.
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